Multiple Choice  (one point each)
 1. B
 2. D
 3. C
 4. A
 5. C
6.  D
7.  C
8.   A
9.   C    
10.  A
11.  C
12.  B
13.  C
14.  C  (or A)
15.  A
16.  B
17.  A
18.  B
19.  D
20.  D

Matching  (One point each letter-24 total)

                Artemis  B  8  D

                Hermes  G  10  H

                Hera   F   4   E

                Apollo   L   6   J

                Aphrodite   H   7   G (you did not lose points for a space --- instead of a G)

                Zeus   D   1   B

                Athena   B    9   I

                Hephaestus   J    5   K
 

Short Answer Questions (2 Points each)

1.  How does Kronos dispose of his children in the Theogony?   He swallows them.  (If you said he pushes them back into the belly or womb of Ge, you were confusing Kronos and Ouranos, but I still gave half-credit for that).

2.  What service does an oracle provide?  Oracles provide messages (sometimes predictions about the future) from the gods. These messages are often in the form of riddles.

3. What does Artemis do to Actaeon?  She turns him into a stag and then his own hunting dogs attack him.  (She kills him-too vague and not entirely accurate).

4.  Why does Hera hate the Trojans?  She resents the fact that Zeus abducted the Trojan prince Ganymede and brought him to Olympus to become the cupbearer of the gods in place of Hera's daughter Hebe.  Or-because Paris, another Trojan prince, picked Aphrodite over her in the apple contest.

5.  Who is the king of Mycenae?  Agamemnon  (Menelaus is the king of Sparta).

6.  Where does the Judgement of Paris take place?  The wedding of Peleus and Thetis.  Or-The wedding of Achilles' parents.  (Since the myth dictionary mentions a geographical location for this event "near Troy", I gave half credit for the answer "Troy".)

7.  Who wins the battle known as the Titanomachy?    Zeus     Or:  the Olympians

8.  Why does Achilles return to battle?  To avenge the death of his dear child-hood friend who had borrowed his armor and who was killed by Hector.

9.  How is the earth repopulated after the great Flood?  Deucalion and Pyrrha (the only survivors of the flood) threw stones (the "bones" of their mother) over their shoulders.

10.  Why do all the Greek kings join together to get Helen back?  They swore an oath to Helen's father when they were Helen's suitors to come to the aid of whoever finally won Helen's hand in marriage, should there ever be a need.

11.  What did Heinrich Schliemann do that affected our understanding of Greek myth?
In the late 19th century, he excavated both Troy and Mycenae and established the possibility of historical truth beneath  the surface of these famous stories.

12.  Why do poets pray to the Muses?  The muses are their source of creative inspiration.  They "sing the song"  first to the poet and last, through the poet.
 

Essay Questions

1.  Story of Pandora reveals a number of points about the gods and man in ancient Greece.  You did not need to list them all to get full credit (6 points)

a. The gods have the power to create.  In addition to creating Pandora, they also create all the good and evil things that she has in her jar.
b.  The gods are superior to man in power and intelligence.  Humans are weak and easy to fool.
c.  The gods can be sneaky and deceptive.  Pandora is a bad thing made to look attractive on the surface so mankind will take her in.
d.  The gods can and do punish man when they are angry even when man is an innocent bystander.  In the case of Pandora, she is a punishment for something that Prometheus did:  Prometheus' gift of fire to man.  In a sense, mankind is punished as a part of Prometheus' punishment.
e.  The gods are cruel.
 

2.  The following things can be learned from Hesiod, the Homeric Hymn, and from Euripides on the role of sacrifice in Greek religion.

a.  The hymn to Hermes teaches us that the gods are pleased by sacrifice of animals.  He gains the favor of the gods by sacrificing a few of the cows he stole from Apollo.  This is why the gods end up being charmed instead of annoyed by Hermes' pranks.

b.  The hymn also teaches that treating all the gods equally (dividing the sacrificial meat into 12 portions) is a good idea.  The gods are prone to jealousy and it's a good practice to treat them all the same.

c.  The Theogony explains why animals are sacrificed in a particular way, with the gods receiving part of the animal carcass while man receives what could reasonable be called the "better" or edible part.

d.  Euripides' play about Iphigenia tells us that sacrifice must be something of great value, whether animal or human.  Also, it suggests that the Greeks may once have practice human sacrifice but by the time the play was written, most people find it a disturbing idea and so the play ends with Iphigenia's miraculous rescue.

e.  The Iphigenia also shows that sometimes sacrifice was a specific act of atonement for a particular offense to the gods.

Readings:  These were 7 points each.  I'll talk about these in class next Tuesday.

If you have further questions about your answers and why they did or did not receive full credit, please make an appointment to see me this week.   Mrs. Danford