Anacrusis means the addition of an extra syllable at the start of a line that introduces a variation to the fundamental meter. It is the opposite of the headless line, and is a form of metrical augmentation. A well-known poem by Blake employs this device:

                            Tyger! Tyger! burning bright
                            In the forest of the night
                            What immortal hand or eye
                        Could frame thy fearful symmetry?

This increases the seven-syllable line of trochaic tetrameter (catalectic) to eight syllables.
 

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